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The symbols of the time again today are
becoming increasingly the million dollars

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in this age of the inventions pertaining
to atomic radiation like the nuclear

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reactor these technicians are working with
bringing the scientific achievements on

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dreamed of a few decades past particularly
promising the advances being made in the

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biological sciences through the
application of the a top elements made of

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radioactive artificially
in the nuclear reactor.

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I frequently use the sources of such radiation
in the metal cylinder coming out of

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this nuclear reactor is one of these
elements which has been bombarded.

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And now contains a radioactive isotope
such a radioactive isotopes are among the

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newest tools to be applied to
problems in biological research.

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Sometimes the scientist wishes to observe
the effects of the radiation themselves

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alpha particles they to
particles gamma rays

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and neutrons are some of the most familiar
kinds of radiation gamma rays are

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particularly useful in the study of living
things gamma rays like other kinds of

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radioactive energy living cells.
If the effect is serious enough.

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The entire organism becomes
ill and is stunted

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or dies like the plants nearest
the source of gamma rays

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and then a thing from radio Cobalt located
inside this most radiation experiments.

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Like the one going on here do not
destroy the living thing being tested.

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For example geneticists apply gamma rays
to living cells to discover the effects of

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radiation on growth

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and I read it in one kind of experiment
one celled forms of life where you hear a

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one celled form of life is reproducing by
simple division some forms multiply by a

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sexual reproduction does radiation
of the rate at which such cells

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reproduce get a typical experiments

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that geneticists takes the answer he transfers
a culture solution into a radiation

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chamber this culture solution provides a
favorable medium in which apparently a

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kind of one celled animals live while
being subjected to gamma rays X.

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The living paramecia. Are
placed in the culture solution.

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They may be irradiated in a lead safe like
this inside is a source of radioactive

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cobalt

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that release is gamma rays after your
radiation paramecia are carefully observed

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under the microscope. So that the
number of cell divisions can be counted

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but geneticists find that the irradiated
cells do reproduce faster than cells

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that have not been irradiated future
generations of paramecia will also be studied

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to see if the effects of radiation are
transmitted from one generation to the next.

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Experiment using radioactive elements being
applied to larger forms of life as well

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as the single celled forms of life
here corn plants are the subjects of

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experimental work gamma rays released by
the radioisotope Cobalt located within the

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hollow are affecting cells of the corn
polymer experiments are also conducted

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in special indoor.

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Growth rooms like this one where they can
be controlled even more closely than is

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possible in the field the plants

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and this growth came for being subjected
to gala rays released from a radioactive

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element inside the lead container.

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The problem is to this cover how this atomic
radiation may affect that or read it.

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Terry characteristics of living thing

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that is how do radiations affect the
tiny units of cells called genes

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that transmitter read
Terry characteristics.

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The genes are represented here as bead
like bodies attached together in chains.

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Every living thing inherited characteristics
from the genes of the parent cells

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that have gone before. And passes on similar
characteristics to its descendants.

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Atlantic radiation interferes with the
normal process by breaking apart the

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chromosomes which carry the inheritance
genes in this way radiation affects

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inheritance.

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Chromosomes like these from corn large
enough to see under the microscope.

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Here there are some detached fragments
of chromosomes particularly at the upper

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right. Proving that the atomic bomb

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but they have undergone has caused
some of them to break apart.

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The exact results of such changes

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and future generations can be
discovered through growth experiments.

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The results may be beneficial
already a strain of corn

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that is especially resistant to fungus
disease has been produced through

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irradiation studies in which radiations
have affected the parent plant sales.

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Scientists use radio isotopes in another
entirely different kind of experiment the

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trends are study. In this guy

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and they try to avoid any effects of the
radiation themselves for example in this

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experiment plants called algae being
given radioactive carbon dioxide.

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In order to study the food making
process carried on by their cells.

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Here is another research project in which
radioactive carbon dioxide is used the

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plants in this special green I was led in
an atmosphere rich in radioactive carbon

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dioxide radioactive carbon dioxide is
piped into the greenhouse one objective

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is to produce quantities of radioactive
plant products such as drugs which can be

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used in experiments that may lead to
improved techniques of diagnosing

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and treating some human diseases animals
as well as plants may be the subjects of

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research using atomic radiation studies
in nutrition often depend on the use of

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rights here.

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The experimenter uses a rat

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that has been fed radioactive table sugar
the experimenter places the rat in a

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special container where all of its waste
products can be collected for analysis by

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knowing how much radioactive sugar was fed

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and how much radioactive waste is given
off the physiologist may discover more

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facts about the chemical
processes that take place

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when I carbohydrate is the just unused.

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Similar experiments may be performed
to study the use of Proteas fats

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or other types of food the distribution of
an element in the animal's body can also

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be tested using rats in a typical experiment
blood is taken from a rat previously

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injected with radioactive iron.

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The blood will be tested for radioactivity
to find how much of the radio iron is

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still present to do this.

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The iron is removed from the blood sample

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and electro plated onto a small
metal ring called a plant shit.

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The amount of radio iron

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that electro plates out on the planet can
be exactly determined by using radiation

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counting equipment. Based on such
experiments the dosages and.

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Needs of using radio iron for
treating disease may be perfected.

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Much of the research in biology is done in
the hope of contributing to the welfare

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of this is particularly true in the
study of diseases like cancer.

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Learning to control a disease

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that there is in part upon understanding
the processes by which the disease

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develops. In cancer animal
experimentation is especially helpful.

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Experiments

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or plans to study how cancer develops to
do this cancer may artificially be induced

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in animals through excessive
exposure to radioactivity.

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Here beach containing a radioactive
isotope are strapped to the rats body the

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radiations released cause
the rat to develop cancer.

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Other experiments have devised to
study techniques of treating cancer.

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One technique employed
the cyclotron a machine

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that can produce a stream of extremely fast
moving atomic particles in this case a

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beam of radiation is
going to do the rounds

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that you used the treatment is given in a
specially shielded room called a Duran

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cave the treatment depends upon focusing
a narrow pencil like stream of different

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particles on the tumour. From
time to time the rat is turned.

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So the tumor is affected
from different directions.

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The tumor receives a much larger amount
of radiation than any of the surrounding

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tissue in this way the effect of radiation
is going to be beneficial to the

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organism of the.

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Experiments of this type seem promising

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but such treatments are not applied to
humans until a had been thoroughly tested on

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animals.

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Radio biologists use sources of radioactivity
for internal human use as well as

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extra use here a liquid containing a
radioactive isotope is being prepared for

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human use radio at.

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Solution cancer from within the body
safeguards are continually being perfected to

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avoid damaging the health a day shoes

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or those administering the treatment
atomic radiation improperly used may be

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extremely dangerous Much research has
been done to discover the most effective

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protective measures physical scientists
biologists are learning how best to protect

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humans from danger as amounts of radiation
protective clothing is made of radiation

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resistant remote control
equipment and medical tests.

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Some of the measures developed through
experimentation to guard against exposure

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materials through their use to the waste

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that remain radioactive
materials are handled.

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According to the techniques prescribed
is the result of painstaking biological

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research the future applications of
atomic radiation can scarcely be a match

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but progress is being made and
research is leading the way

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and in this research the biological sciences
continue to take their place in the

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ongoing pattern of achievement.